Miscellaneous

“Suppose the world's pin supply was met by everyone in the pin industry working 8 hours a day, then someone invents a tool that doubles everyone's efficiency. What do we think would happen? In a sensible world, everybody concerned [would work] 4 hours instead of 8, and everything would go on as before. But in the actual world [they] still work 8 hours, there are too many pins, some employers go bankrupt, and half the people previously concerned in making pins are thrown out of work...”

“The less you eat, drink, buy books, go to the theatre or to balls, or to the pub, and the less you think, love, theorize, sing, paint, fence, etc., the more you will be able to save and the greater will become your treasure which neither moth nor rust will corrupt—your capital. The less you are, the less you express your life, the more you have, the greater is your alienated life and the greater is the saving of your alienated being.”

“When we read, another person thinks for us: we merely repeat his mental process. It is the same as the pupil, in learning to write, following with his pen the lines that have been pencilled by the teacher. Accordingly, in reading, the work of thinking is, for the greater part, done for us. This is why we are consciously relieved when we turn to reading after being occupied with our own thoughts. But, in reading, our head is, however, really only the arena of some one else’s thoughts. And so it happens that if any one spends almost the whole day in reading, and by way of relaxation devotes the intervals to some thoughtless pastime, he gradually loses the capacity for thinking; just as a man who is always riding at last forgets how to walk. This is the case with very many learned persons: they have read themselves stupid. For to occupy every spare moment in reading, and to do nothing but read, is even more paralyzing to the mind than constant manual labor, which at least allows those engaged in it to follow their own thoughts. A spring never free from the pressure of some foreign body at last loses its elasticity; and so does the mind if other people’s thoughts are constantly forced upon it. Just as you can ruin the stomach and impair the whole body by taking too much nourishment, so you can overfill and choke the mind by feeding it too much. For the more you read, the fewer are the traces left by what you have read: the mind becomes like a tablet crossed over and over with writing. There is no time for rumination; and in no other way can you assimilate what you have read. If you read on and on without setting down your own thoughts, what has been read does not take root, but is for the most part lost. It is, in fact, just the same with mental as with bodily food: hardly the fifth part of what one takes is assimilated. The rest passes off in evaporation, respiration and the like.

Reading is thinking with some one else’s head instead of one’s own. To think with one’s own head is always to aim at developing a coherent whole—a system, even though it be not a strictly complete one; and nothing hinders this so much as too strong a current of others’ thoughts, such as comes of continual reading.”

“And I think we should also try to guess what theorems are coming up; or, at least, to figure out how and why anybody would try to prove such theorems in the first place. We should imagine ourselves in the discoverer’s place. The creative part is really more interesting than the deductive part. Instead of concentrating just on finding good answers to questions, it’s more important to learn how to find good questions!

You’ve got something there. I wish our teachers would give us problems like, ‘Find something interesting about x,’ instead of ‘Prove x.’

Exactly. But teachers are so conservative, they’d be afraid of scaring off the ‘grind’ type of students who obediently and mechanically do all the homework. Besides, they wouldn’t like the extra work of grading the answers to nondirected questions.

The traditional way is to put off all creative aspects until the last part of graduate school. For seventeen or more years, a student is taught examsmanship, then suddenly after passing enough exams in graduate school he’s told to do something original!

Right. I doubt if many of the really original students have stuck around that long.

Oh, I don’t know, maybe they’re original enough to find a way to enjoy the system. Like putting themselves into the subject, as we were saying. That would make the traditional college courses tolerable, maybe even fun.

You always were an optimist. I’m afraid you’re painting too rosy a picture. But look, the rain has stopped, let’s lug this rock back to camp and see what it says.”